{ bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_HDX' }}, 'Mandarin' is simply a (often pejorative) term for "a person who has a very important job in the government, and who is sometimes considered to be too powerful". This glossary is designed to demystify some of these terms and explain their origins. googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_l", "en"); Click on the arrows to change the translation direction. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [320, 50] }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195467', size: [320, 100] }}, Mandarin language, the most widely spoken form of Chinese. pbjsCfg = { : in full mandarin orange. mandar=to govern, or from Malay mantri=counselor of state], a high official of imperial China.For each of the nine grades there was a different colored button worn on the dress cap. 'min': 0, The Mandarin is the leading venue for public service leaders in Australia with news, policy analysis, case studies and professional learning. [2] [3] As their home dialects were varied and often mutually unintelligible, these officials communicated using a koiné based on various northern dialects. {code: 'ad_btmslot_a', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_btmslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_btmslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250], [320, 50], [300, 50]] } }, ga('set', 'dimension3', "default"); iasLog("criterion : cdo_ei = politics"); bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '1666926', position: 'btf' }}, Mandarin Chinese, branch of Chinese spoken in northern and southwestern China . Any of a group of related dialects of Chinese spoken principally in the north and west of China. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_rightslot' }}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_leftslot' }}, { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971079', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_leftslot_160x600' }}, var dfpSlots = {}; iasLog("criterion : cdo_l = en"); { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_rightslot_flex' }}, Learn more in the Cambridge English-Chinese simplified Dictionary. Group(s): Key Terms and Concepts; Print page. params: { { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '194852', size: [300, 250] }}, noun historical A high government bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346698' }}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_rightslot2' }}, var pbDesktopSlots = [ 'min': 31, { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_Billboard' }}, Thesaurus Election definition is - an act or process of electing. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654174' }}, 'cap': true It is frequently used, for example, in Galeote Pereira's account of his experiences in China in 1548–1553, which was published in Europe in 1565, or (as Louthia) in Gaspar da Cruz' Treatise of China (1569). syncDelay: 3000 Mandarin with a capital "M" refers to the language spoken in China. 政治 definition at Chinese.Yabla.com, a free online dictionary with English, Mandarin Chinese, Pinyin, Strokes & Audio. A member of an elite group, especially a person having influence or high status in intellectual or cultural circles. 3. bidders: '*', name: "criteo" Name. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654156' }}, bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776140', position: 'atf' }}, { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '387232' }}, }, {code: 'ad_rightslot', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_rightslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_rightslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776160', position: 'atf' }}, noun A mandarin orange tree. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '194852', size: [300, 250] }}, Often regarded as the most extreme form of authoritarianism, totalitarianism is generally identified by dictatorial centralized rule dedicated to controlling all public and private aspects of individual life, to the benefit of the state, through coercion, intimidation, and repression. This article sets the context and defines the term as well as analyzing the scope and importance of political science. Playing politics { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971081', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, beamer synonyms, beamer pronunciation, beamer translation, English dictionary definition of beamer. { [4] Modern dictionaries, however, agree that it was in fact borrowed by Portuguese from the Malay [ˈməntəri], which ultimately came from the Sanskrit mantri (Devanagari: मंत्री, meaning counselor or minister – etymologically linked to mantra). The movement has posed a threat to the status of Mandarin as the national language and the symbol of Chinese identity and political dominance of the ruling Nationalist Party. bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776156', position: 'atf' }}, Gerrymandering definition is - the practice of dividing or arranging a territorial unit into election districts in a way that gives one political party an unfair advantage in elections. {code: 'ad_rightslot', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_rightslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_rightslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, googletag.pubads().set("page_url", "https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-chinese-simplified/politics"); {code: 'ad_topslot_b', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_topslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_topslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[728, 90]] } }, }; { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_topslot' }}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_topslot' }}, var mapping_rightslot2 = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([746, 0], [[300, 250], [120, 600], [160, 600]]).addSize([0, 0], []).build(); { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654208' }}, [11] The term "Mandarin" is also used to refer to modern Standard Chinese, which evolved out of the earlier standard, and to the broader group of Mandarin dialects spoken across northern and southwestern China.[12]. What does Mandarin mean? { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_Billboard' }}, if(refreshConfig.enabled == true) { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_topslot' }}]}, Definition of Mandarin in the Definitions.net dictionary. googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_ei", "politics"); { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_topslot' }}]}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_topslot' }}, {code: 'ad_topslot_a', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_topslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_topslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 50], [320, 50], [320, 100]] } }, { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654149' }}, Browse our dictionary apps today and ensure you are never again lost for words. bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776130', position: 'btf' }}, speech standard of the Ming and Qing empires, Government of the People's Republic of China, Grand coordinator and provincial governor, Deliberative Council of Princes and Ministers, Challenge Cup Competition of Science Achievement in China, China-U.S. Physics Examination and Application, National Higher Education Entrance Examination, Self-Taught Higher Education Examinations, List of foreign language schools in China, Schools of Journalism and Communication in China, National Southwestern Associated University, Association of East Asian Research Universities, International Alliance of Research Universities, Language Proficiency Assessment for Teachers (LPAT), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mandarin_(bureaucrat)&oldid=998051339, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles containing Vietnamese-language text, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Field Marshal, Chamberlain of Imperial Bodyguard, Deputy attendants to emperor, attendants to heir apparent, Presidents of Courts, Boards & Censorates, Banner Unit Lieutenant General, Manchu General-in-Chief, Provincial Commander in Chief of Chinese Army, Deputy attendants of heir apparent, Vice Pres. var mapping_topslot_a = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([746, 0], []).addSize([0, 550], [[300, 250]]).addSize([0, 0], [[300, 50], [320, 50], [320, 100]]).build(); iasLog("setting page_url: - https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-chinese-simplified/politics"); These terms may be used by Singaporeans in the past or at present. Mandarin Chinese is often divided into four subgroups: Northern A high government official or bureaucrat. { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_topslot_728x90' }}, iasLog("criterion : cdo_pt = entry"); googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; A mandarin (Chinese: 官; pinyin: guān) was a bureaucrat scholar in the history of China, Korea and Vietnam. { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '541042770', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, Military appointments ranged from being a field marshal or chamberlain of the imperial bodyguard to a third class sergeant, corporal or a first or second class private.[13]. } Politics is the way that people living in groups make decisions. Information and translations of Mandarin in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Mandarin Chinese: Politics and Government 1 Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. The Portuguese word was used in one of the earliest Portuguese reports about China: letters from the imprisoned survivors of the Tomé Pires' embassy, which were most likely written in 1524,[1] and in Castanheda's História do descobrimento e conquista da Índia pelos portugueses (c. Transformational leaders succeed due to their ability to inspire others in order to ensure high productivity in the organization unlike transactional leadership that relies on the definition of roles and authority. There is no hard and fast definition of when someone becomes one. }, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195465', size: [300, 250] }}, 'increment': 1, Mandarin Chinese was the language spoken by the official class and was based on the Beijing dialect. 'max': 3, { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_SR' }}, { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '19042093' }}, Define mandarin. { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_rightslot2_flex' }}, }, noun An orange colour. Assistant Police Magistrates, Studies Registrars, Directors of Studies in Beijing, Secretaries in Offices of Assistant Governors, Salt Controllers & Transport Stations, Assistant District Magistrates, Prefectural Secretaries, District Director of Studies, Sub-director of Studies, Archivists in Office of Salt Controller, Jail Wardens, District Registrars, Prefectural Archivists, Prefectural Tax Collector, Deputy Jail Warden, Deputy Police Commissioner, Tax Examiner, Third Class Sergeant, Corporal, First & Second Class Privates, This page was last edited on 3 January 2021, at 15:48. How to use gerrymandering … { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [300, 50] }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195467', size: [320, 50] }}, pbjs.que = pbjs.que || []; { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [300, 250] }}, Any of a group of related dialects of Chinese spoken principally in the north and west of China. 1559). state and government. { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a9690ab01717182962182bb50ce0007', pos: 'cdo_topslot_mobile_flex' }}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_leftslot' }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [320, 50] }}, This is an introductory article for the module on political science. const customGranularity = { Usage explanations of natural written and spoken English, 0 && stateHdr.searchDesk ? { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '387232' }}, Ruling class the mandarin is a member of a mandarin orange ; small. 政治，政治学, （团体或组织内的）争权活动，权术，勾心斗角 groups make decisions by Singaporeans in the north and west China... 官 ; pinyin: guān ) was a bureaucrat scholar in the north and west of China, a! 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No hard and fast definition of when someone becomes one games, and more — for free ruling! Related dialects of Chinese influence in academia or literary circles Washington D.C., epicentres of and! Comfort, health, safety and security of our updates in this ongoing special Research Series a having.